The machine vision system converts light signals into image signals through image acquisition hardware (cameras, lenses, light sources, etc.) and transmits them to image processing software. The image processing software extracts the features of the target according to the pixel brightness, color distribution and other information, and makes corresponding judgments, and controls the field equipment according to the result output to realize the detection function.

The visual processing system includes both hardware and software. Depending on the hardware, machine vision systems are divided into smart cameras and PC-based vision systems. The core part of a PC-based machine vision system consists of four parts: light source, lens, camera, and vision processing system.

The main function of the lens is to image the target to be measured on the photosensitive chip of the camera.

The main function of the camera is to capture images, convert optical signals into electrical signals, and output images to the computer.

The core technology of the software is image processing and analysis algorithms, including image enhancement, image segmentation, feature extraction, image recognition and analysis, etc. Through image processing and analysis, the product quality is judged, the size is measured, and the result signal is transmitted to the corresponding hardware for display or execution.